La scoumoune

Joseph Damiani, a.k.a José Giovanni, was born on June 22th, 1923, to a Corsican family. He did many little jobs when he was a teenager. Washing dishes in a train-restaurant, lumberjack, coal miner, waiter in a hotel restaurant of Chamonix. During WWII, from 1942 to 1944, he was a high mountain junior guide, and was in the resistance, too.

After the war, he came to Paris and became (with some other members of his family) a petty gangster. But after a robbery where his older brother and his uncle died, and the owner of the robbed house too, he was arrested, though he didn’t use any gun. On November 17th, 1948, he and his accomplice Georges Accad were judged in Paris and they were both sentenced to death. After months spent in the death row, they were clemenced by president Auriol, thanks to Joseph’s father, who did his best to save his son.

In 1956, Joseph was freed. He spend a long time in jail writing, and one of the first things he did after being back to free life was to send his book to editors. They were immediately impressed by “Le trou” (“The hole”, slang for prison) and under his “nom de plume”, the talented “José Giovanni” was soon published and appreciated. Director Jacques Becker bought the rights of the book and directed it in 1959.

That’s how José Giovanni entered the cinema world. He became a well-known dialoguist, scenarist too, working many times with Jacques Becker. Then he directed his first movie in 1966, “La loi des survivants”, while he was still writing novels about gangsters, cops, prison and manly friendship… Some of his films (many are based from his own novels) include Le Rapace (1968), La Scoumoune (1972), Le Gitan (1975) and Le Ruffian (1983). One of his favourite actors was Alain Delon, whom he directed many times. He directed some great French actors as Jean Gabin, Lino Ventura or Jean-Paul Belmondo.

His death row experiment marked him very much. He was, of course, for the abolition of the death penalty and he showed it in many movies. “Deux hommes dans la ville” (1973) ends with an execution, Claude Brasseur’s character in “Une robe noire pour un tueur” is supposed to be guillotined at the beginning of the movie… In 1995, he wrote “Il avait dans le coeur des jardins introuvables” (He had in his heart gardens which no one could find), which is the story of his life as a death condemned, and the struggle of his father against the son’s doom. Later, in 2001, he directed Bruno Cremer in “Mon père”, his own adaptation of his own novel. That was his last movie.

Living in Switzerland with his wife and children since 1969, Giovanni wrote 20 novels, 2 memories’ books, 33 scripts, and directed 15 movies and 5 TV movies. After four days spent in the hospital of Lausanne, José Giovanni died at 2 p.m, on April 24th, 2004 from a brain hemorrhage. —IMDb